The Boston Phoenix
December 16 - 23, 1999

Rave chills out
In an increasingly teenage rave scene, irish pubs are providing a home for the elder statesmen of rave -- the ones over, say, 20 years old
by Andrew Hermann

At the age of 23, DJ Shannon Coen was burned out. A five-year veteran of the New England rave scene, Coen watched in dismay as his beloved all-night dance parties slipped from bacchanalian frenzy into drugged-out torpor. Everywhere he went, Coen found too much bad music, too many bad drugs, too many "high-school kids in Polo and Hilfiger walking around like a bunch of zombies." Rave parties -- once underground, intimate affairs that usually escaped official notice -- had exploded into overhyped, multi-room events that were often canceled by inept promoters or shut down by overzealous cops. To Coen, and to many New England ravers, it felt like the end of an era. The year was 1996.

That fall, Coen walked into an Irish bar in Cambridge called the Phoenix Landing, and everything changed. At the back of the room, amid the Guinness posters and Irish road signs, a DJ was spinning techno music -- hard, frenetic techno, the kind of stuff you might hear at a club in New York. "The place was completely packed with all Irish people," he recalls, "dancing on the bar, on the benches, hands in the air, going crazy."

He was thrilled. Two months later, under his DJ name Shalako, he and some friends began hosting their own night at the Landing, "Thump." And burned-out ravers just like Shannon Coen have been packing the place ever since.

DUBLIN YOUR FUN: Shannon Coen, burned on raves at age 23, walked into the Phoenix Landing to find a bar packed with Irish people dancing to techno.

Rave has been a well-established subculture for more than a decade. It arrived late to New England, but long enough ago to have a history -- most people point to 1992 as the year it really got off the ground locally, when a Boston after-hours club called the Loft was in its heyday, and big underground parties with names such as "Sky High" and "Life" began popping up in the hinterlands of Maine and Western Massachusetts.

Seven years, you would think, is long enough for any scene to mature a little, to get a little sophisticated, even a little gray at the temples. But rave hasn't done any of that; in fact, despite (or perhaps because of) a tremendous growth in popularity, the rave scene has actually regressed. If you go to a rave now, chances are you'll see very few older faces and lots of startlingly young people dressed in the childlike style known as "candy raver" -- plastic jewelry, furry backpacks, pacifiers. Even rave's slang has become more youth-oriented; the term "raver" is rarely heard anymore, as most rave attendees now refer to themselves as "party kids."

All of which raises the question: what happened to all the people who were partying back in '92?

A partial answer, at least, can be found at the Phoenix Landing, whose crowd Coen refers to simply as "the older kids." The door policy for "Thump" is 19-plus, but the majority of patrons look to be at least in their mid 20s, and they present a striking mix of styles, backgrounds, and attitudes. On a typical Wednesday night at the Landing, fashion statements range from Designer Eurotrash to Yuppie Neutral to Cambridge Bike-Courier Chic. One woman, in a black choker and heavy eyeliner, appears to have stopped in on her way to goth night at ManRay; near her, a balding, bespectacled man in a cybergeek T-shirt dances with a glow stick in one hand and a highball glass in the other. There's even a young woman prowling the room with that most quintessential of candy-raver accessories, a pacifier, lodged in her mouth.

At the back of the room, one of Coen's partners, DJ Caseroc, works his turntables on the Landing's small stage, flanked by speaker towers and potted plants, while behind him trippy computer animation flashes across a five-foot projection screen. At the other end, near the door, groups of twentysomething friends sit around tables, sipping pints of Guinness and chattering happily over the din of the music.

"We got the whole rave crowd, we got the art crowd, we got the college kids," says Coen. "It's a great mix of people." Wandering through the room greeting friends, he looks nothing like a DJ/promoter and everything like a slightly hippied-out college student, all frizzy brown hair and kicked-back attitude. (He actually recently finished his bachelor's degree at MIT and now works, like everyone else in Cambridge, for a high-tech start-up.)

If none of this sounds like your image of a rave, that's exactly the point. A Landing regular puts it in a nutshell: "This place gets a lot of old-school ravers -- people who don't go to the big raves anymore because it's all 15-year-olds and drugs."

LANDING PAD: "This place gets a lot of old-school ravers," says one regular, "people who don't go to the big raves anymore because it's all 15-year-olds and drugs."

By the time Coen first showed up at the Landing in 1996, it had already been home to a Sunday techno night for almost two years. At that point there were surprisingly few venues for techno in the Boston area -- nightclubs mostly specialized in house music and various retro nights, such as '70s funk/R&B, or '80s new wave. Elsewhere around town, everyone was doing the Macarena. "You had Axis and you had nothing else," says Kevin Treanor, co-owner of the Phoenix Landing.

Treanor was inspired to launch a techno night by what he had seen in San Francisco in the early '90s, when the big clubs were dominated by screaming-diva house and disco, and the more "progressive" DJs were spinning at bars instead. "I knew it could work here," he says. He found a couple of expatriate Irishmen named Peter Bailey and "Foxy" John Prendergast to be DJs; their friends spread the word, and soon they were drawing big Sunday-night crowds like the one that amazed Coen on his first visit to the Landing.

"It was remarkable to me that I had never heard of what was going on down there," says Coen, but it was also obvious why he hadn't: the crowd was made up almost exclusively of Irish expatriates. Apparently, the Landing's American patrons found the pub/techno combination too bizarre and were staying away, but in Ireland, techno is as common and pervasive as the latest Britney Spears single. "In Ireland, you'll find techno everywhere," Coen points out. "[It's even] in the malls."

The bar's owners knew, however, that to broaden their audience they had to find a way to lure in the Americans. They heard Coen DJing a private party and invited him down to the Landing to spin a guest set. By then, Coen had already hosted his own events with 409, his production company, and had enough connections and enough of a following to bridge the cultural divide. "As soon as we started" Wednesday nights, he says, the Landing "filled up with suburban white kids."

It also filled up with people like Coen -- old-school ravers who tend to define themselves not so much by their age or how long they've been attending raves, but by a certain curmudgeonly attitude toward the current teenybopper rave scene, and an unabashed nostalgia for the good old days of, say, 1995. "It used to be [that] people would drive 300 miles to see their friends," says one old-schooler. "Now they drive 50 miles to escape their parents."

SPIN CITY: "We got the whole rave crowd, we got the art crowd, we got college kids," says Coen, center with DJ David Skye and Chuck Amsden, a/k/a DJ Caseroc.

Even before its current candy-raver renaissance, raving was never exactly an adult activity -- many self-proclaimed old-schoolers are themselves only in their early 20s. "We actually talk about [that] among our friends all the time," says Coen, who is 26. "Is it that the crowd has gotten younger, or is it just that we've gotten older? Personally, I believe that it has gotten a bit younger."

Many old-schoolers share Coen's perception, and it's easy to see why. At a New Hampshire rave called "Freedom" this past summer, the vibe was more high-school dance than underground party. The event's most popular gathering spot wasn't by the speakers, but rather on the hillside out back; hanging out there felt strikingly reminiscent of sitting in the gymnasium bleachers.

There isn't much outright intergenerational tension at raves; the raver credo of PLUR -- which stands for Peace, Love, Unity, and Respect -- discourages fans from disparaging one another. Still, most old-schoolers, when pressed, express a degree of resentment toward the Party Kid Invasion. "I feel like a grandma when I'm [at a rave]," grouses one 25-year-old. A twentysomething DJ complains bitterly of the "kids out there, 16-, 17-year-olds, whose parents buy them turntables and mixers and they call themselves bona fide DJs. It's an insult to people like me."

Coen believes, however, that the issue for most older ravers isn't the kids but the raves themselves, which have become too hyped and formulaic. Today's raves are "extravagant productions -- three-ring circuses, I like to call them. They're the only things that are going to draw `new recruits,' " whom the promoters need in order to keep making money. In both raves and the local club scene, Coen explains, the emphasis on profit and publicity creates an environment in which promoters are afraid to take risks and the audience comes to expect a stock experience.

But most old-school ravers were attracted to raves in the first place by the events' radical originality in both music and style, and by the anticipation of something new and unexpected at each rave. To many old-schoolers, including Coen, today's raves and clubs are a poor substitute for those earlier experiences. "The promoters know what works, what's going to bring in people to make money, and in so doing the crowd hears the same music at every party they go to . . . But it's a downward spiral, I think, because the enthusiasm of the crowd decreases. And I think that's why you'll find the older crowd disinterested in these formulaic events, whether it be the clubs or the raves, because there's no longer that same energy there."

To avoid letting "Thump" lapse into a routine, Coen mixes up the line-up each week with guests DJs from all over the world. Among the more notable have been Belgium's C.J. Bolland and Germany's Richard Hartz, both of whom were instrumental in shaping the sound of the early-'90s electronic music that went on to become the trance and hard techno of today.

Coen is the first to admit, however, that newcomers will probably be unable to distinguish the sounds at "Thump" from what gets played at larger clubs on Friday nights. What sets his event apart is not so much the music as that intangible quality that ravers, in one of their many neo-hippie flourishes, call the vibe. "It's a more of a humble atmosphere," Coen says. "It's a more intimate setting."

Coen sees a growing trend toward smaller, more intimate venues for electronic dance music, with other nights popping up in unlikely places all over Boston, Cambridge, and Somerville. There's "Life," a Friday-night club at the Howard Johnson's in Kenmore Square; "Circle," which takes place Tuesday nights at the VFW in Davis Square; and a brand-new techno night called "Contact," on Saturdays at a downtown bar called the Times. Kevin Treanor and his partner Joey McCabe have also gotten further into the action by hosting a drum 'n' bass night on Thursdays at the Landing, "Elements," which rivals "Thump" in popularity. In each case, says Coen, the promoters "are not so interested in pulling numbers of people or becoming rich and famous; rather, they're interested in a good party and the best vibe possible. Rather than trying to pull as many people [as they can], they're looking for the right people."

Finding the right people is not always easy, especially when hosting weeknight events in unlikelier settings. Recently, for example, Coen and Treanor decided to close "Quench," a Sunday techno night at Treanor's other bar, An Tua Nua, near Kenmore Square. But Coen remains optimistic that there will continue to be a place for smaller anti-club events like "Thump," and, therefore, that there will always be a positive alternative to the hipper-than-thou club scene and the increasingly druggy, overhyped rave circuit.

"That's why I continue to be involved and create [these] environments," he says, "so I can experience them. Because nobody else, it seems, is going to do it for me."

Andrew Hermann can be reached at hermann42 (at) aol (dot) com.


The Boston Globe. June 21, 1999: Calendar

Global beats: DJ Tym Ryan and Shannon Shalako are going global this summer with Sunday nights at RiRa. - Christopher Muther.

On June 27, RiRa becomes the sight of a Swedish invasion with DJ's Joel Mull and Christian Smith. Mull, who leans heavily toward techno, expertly blends hip-hop and acid jazz with heavy, industrial sounds. Smith, who owns two record labels in Sweden, spins tribal and techno. On July 4, the British take over when Eddie Richards spins everything from house to techno. Richards became famous in the U.K. spinning influential clubs such as Heaven and the Hacienda. More recently he's remixed songs for Orbital and the Shamen. Shalako, who also helms Wednesday nights at the Phoenix Landing with Chuck Caseroc, is bringing in international talent for midweek as well. On June 23, Alexi Delano from Sweden spins techno and trance. On July 14, DJ Adam Beyer, also of Sweden spins.


The Boston Globe. April 19, 1999: Calendar

DJ Scene: Techno puts on Sunday best - Christopher Muther.

Friday and Saturday still reign supreme as the big club nights in Boston, but Sunday night is slowly turning into a contender for hearing great electronic and techno. In addition to Sundays at the Phoenix Landing in Cambridge and the new one at Sweetwater Cafe in Boston, RiRa in Boston is making a bid to win over the end-of-the-weekend crowd.

RiRa's strategy has been to play it cool.

"It's Sunday, people want to wind down a bit," said DJ Shannon Shalako, who shares the turntable with Tim Ryan. "We try to keep things a little more laid back. We spin deeper, funkier stuff." The music may be deeper, funkier, and more laid back, but the crowd is far from sedentary. On a recent Sunday, ravers and college kids sprang back and forth between young professionals.

Shalako and Ryan occasionally bring in unsual guest DJs: This Sunday night, Christian Smith (a.k.a, Nueromancer) spins tribal techno.


Stuff @ Night. March 30 - April 12, 1999: Promoters

The Party Underground - by Nicholas Patterson. Six page feature on four regional promotional organizations. (excerpts)

Beyond the bright lights of the city's dance clubs, there's another side to Boston's electronic-music scene: intimate late-night parties, jam-packed dance events, and large-scale raves. These parties are put together by a handful of promoterrs who are devoted to electronic dance music and to the community that's springing up around it.

It's 10 P.M. on a recent Saturday night in Boston, and more than 500 people have poured into a large industrial warehouse for an all-night party. The crowd is a motley one, including rave kids, college students, young urban professionals, punks, even a few graying New Agers.

Unlike guests at ordinary parties, who can arrive at any time, these partygoers are required to arrive by 10. There are two reasons: to make the party less conspicuous to the police and to bring the crowd together for a communal opening ceremony.

Upon entering the high-ceilinged room, African drumming greets the guests. As the crowd grows, the drummers, standing in a circle in front of the DJ table, beat their hands harder and harder against the tight leather drums. Suddenly the drumming stops, the packed room quiets, and the deep, calm voice of Dante, the nights DJ, floods the sound system.

In a ceremony that at first, seems more suited for a yoga class than an underground dance party, Dante leads the crowd through a series of breathing exercises, having everyone inhale and exhale deeply, then hum in unison. Then he has them clap and stomp on the floor. As the synchronized stomping reaches a peak, the speakers begin to vibrate with a deep bass and, in an instant, the room is awash with the intense tribal house music. And the newly formed community of partiers breaks out into ecstatic dancing.

Welcome to the underground. Once known as raves (a word that has fallen out of favor in electronic-dance-music circles, thanks to media hype, drug busts, and a flurry of bad press), these parties, or "events" are drawing an ever-larger circle of attendees. Althought intentionally ambiguous terms make it difficult for outsiders to know whether they're hearing about a small party or a massive, all-night blowout, those who throw them know exactly what they're shooting for: a place where people from all walks of life can come together fro one night of communal release.

SHANNON SHALAKO COEN :: Redlight Productions ::

Shannon Shalako Coen promotes midsize dance events in Boston. An MIT student and DJ with residencies at the Phoenix Landing and RiRa, Coen began learning about event promotion in 1992 when he became friends with David Mayer, a partner in Primary Productions, the company behind some of New England's biggest raves of the mid-1990s.

"I started out doing security and getting coffee," Coen says with a laugh. "Hanging out with people who threw events, I learned something about the responsibilities of each person involved in the production. This knowledge has really helped me as a promoter because I know what needs to be done and the effort required to do it."

In 1997 Coen started Redlight Productions, dedicated to organizing after-hours dance events in and around Boston. In the past year and a half, Redlight has thrown five dance events that have drown crowds of about 500 people each and three smaller events where the crowds totaled about 250.

"I'm the creative director and head organizer of Redlight productions," Coen explains. "I bring in a lot of friends to help with it, including the people I live with. We usually start planning and event about a month before it happens. We don't promote them heavily. Most people learn about them from word of mouth."

Redlight events start around 10 p.m. and continue until people stop dancing - or cops knock at the door. The parties, which take place everywhere from art studios to function halls, boast local and out-of-town DJs.

Coen was initially drawn to the dance-music scene because of the accepting community that exists within it. As a promoter, he tries to foster this kind of atmosphere at Redlight events.

"We began our most recent event with and introductory ceremony conducted by Dante, the DJ," he says. "He had everyone be quiet so that they could sense the power in the room and realize it comes from themselvews and not the music. The ceremony helped make everyone feel comfortable with each other so the dance experience wasn't and individual one but and interactive one.

"The experience participants have is a result of the attitude with which the promoter approaches the production. You can provide a great experience for the participants if you are determined to create a comfortable environment."

Redlight events draw a diverse crowd. "We get college kids, club kids, people from the rave scene, an older art crowd, and a hippie crowd," says Coen. "The one common denominator is respect. The majority of people who attend our events are respectful not only of what we are trying to provide, but of each other."

MIKE WILKINS and AIDRIAN O'CONNOR :: Mission Control ::

An integral part of the promotion for New England's electronic-dance-music scene is overseen by Mission Control, a team that publicizes - but doesn't organize - events. Started five years ago as a party-information line, Mission Control has evolved into a comprehensive and reliable information source. Mission Control's info line - (617) 747-4488 and Web site (www.miscon.net) - provide up-to-date details on the times and locations of parties and club nights. At the helm of Mission Control sit Mike Wilkins and Aidrian O'Connor.

"I'd been involved in the dance-music scene since the early 1990's, doing sound and lighting at parties and helping set them up and take them down," Wilkins says. "In February of 1994, a friend of ours was throwing a party and wanted a reliable info line. I offered to do it, and he paid for an answering machine and the installation of a second phone line. Soon other friends and then acquaintances started asking us to help."

Wilkins' broadcast-engineering skills contrribute to Mission Control's popularity. Working with samples of NASA broadcasts and sci-fi sound effects, Wilkins produces messages that sound like NASA transmissions from the Apollo 13 era.

Mission Control promotes parties as far away as Toronto, Long Island, and Pittsburgh. While they'll promote any legal event, they refuse to cover outlaw parties. Club and party promoters who are interested in having their events listed pay a small fee for the service.

"It's the easist way to give something back to the dance-music community, which has given us so many good times and good friends," O'Connor says. "Whether it's a Euro kid dressed up in Armani calling our line or a kid in wicked baggy pants with a lollipop tied in her hair reading our Web site, we're serving the same community: people who are there to dance to music and have fun with friends."


Stuff @ Night. February 16 - March 2, 1999: Spinning

The Rainmaker. DJ Shalako shows his spiritual side - by Nicholas Patterson

It's Wednesday night at the Phoenix Landing, and a small circle of breakers trade moves near the front of the room. A little further back, a group of baggy-jeaned hippie chicks shake their stuff. near the back of the dance floor, a heavily muscled bloke with a goatee dances closely and tenderly with a slender, black-clad brunette. Tall, thin, and pale, with long blond hair, Shalako (a/k/a Shannon Coen) looks like an apparition as he stands on the stage before the crowd and slowly slides into his DJing groove.

"I try to produce a particular vibe when I spin," Coen says over a Guiness shortly before his set. " i want to provide emotionally rich music that givves participants the opportunity to feel totally comfortable to express themselves. I'm looking for a combination of innocence and humility mixed with a mind-blowing spiritual experience."

Coen's spiritual bent is reflected in his choice of moniker. His parents gave him the middle name Shalako after the word for a Hopi and Zuni kachina. "Kachinas are said to be the spirit essence of everything in the real world," Coen says. "The Shalako are the cloud people, the giant couriers of the rainmakers." As for Coen's ancestry: "I'm mostly Irish."

Coen draws from a wide range of music to creat a warm, spiritual vibe at shows. "I love drum 'n' bass, deep house, techno, and trance," he says, "but what I find myself really into right now is tribal techno house. It's a more minimal approach to dance music. There are lots of hand drums and it's not as hard and in-your-face as techno. It has a sexy house feel, but at the same time it can be pretty driving."

Born and raised in Santa Cruz, California, Coen came to Boston in 1991 to attend MIT. Although he had always been interested in defferent kinds of music, it wasn't until his sophomore year that Coen realized he wanted to be a DJ.

"I started going to the Loft in 1992. I had been in a stagnant musical period, listening to a lot of bad rock and roll," Coen says, "Getting into the scene at the Loft was like culture shock. I found an entirely new kind of music and a new circle of people who were pretty open and including to newcomers. I jumped into it head first. Within two months I was DJing."

Though Coen had a background in electronic music, not all of it was particularly danceable. "My father had gotten my into Jean-Michel Jarre and Brian Eno back when I was in third grade," he says. "Techno and trance really clicked with me because it was similar to music I had listened to since I was a kid, but manifested in a way I had never heard before. I was like Jarre with a huge kick behind it."

Soon Coen immersed himself in teh dance scene. Yer his new lifestyle came with a price. "I started not doing well in school. I was heavily involved in going to parties. I was raving!" Coen says with a laugh. "I took three semesters off and worked at a number of jobs on campus, including food service. i also worked in a warehouse for a while. I was a humbling experience. it inspired me to go back to school and kick some ass."

Returning to MIT in 1995, Coen was able to strike a balance between his schoolwork and his love of dance music. he began an internship, which he still holds today, at MIT's Media Laboratory. Around the same time, Coen also started 409, a DJ collective that he helps promote through his Web site , and Redlight Productions, a company dedicated to throwing parties in Boston.

In late 1996, Coen found a new outlet to express himself musically. "I was DJing the rave scene," he explains. "One night I played a house party in the South End, and Kevin Treanor, the owner of the Phoenix Landing, heard me spin and told me to come down on a Sunday and do a guest spot."

One guest spot led to another, and in March of '97 Coen was asked to host a Wednesday-night show at the club. "I had gotten tired of the craziness of a lot of rave parties and wanted to have a night that would reinfuse some of the good experiences I had had early on," he says. "There got to be a criminal element involved in the party scene who preyed on other people. I decided that I wasn't going to be pushed out of something that I loved by some dodgy folks. I saw Wednesdays at the Phoenix Landing as an opportunity to create a relaxed, innocent environment."

Coen also sees the gig as an opportunity to shocase local talent. "I play a set and bring in other guest DJs," he says. "These are people who might not get spots at Karma and Avalon but whom I respect, people I can learn from."

This laid-back and inclusive vibe brings large crowds to the Phoenix Landing each Wednesday. The night has done so well that Coen and WFNX Spin Cycle's Tym Ryan have been tapped to start a new night, "Quench," and Kevin Treanor's new club, Ri Ra, on Sundays.

"We're looking to make Quench a club experience," says Coen. "Not as fantastically crazy Friday or Saturday, but a groovy kind of party with lots of house and techno house."

Meanwhile, Coen's future is also looking bright. Slated to graduate from MIT in June, he sees himself going into either network engineering or systems administration to pay off his student loans. But, he also plans to continue his quest to create trancendental experiences through music.

"I'm looking to make people feel really comfortable, to lose themselves in the music," Coen says. "If someone has a spiritual experience, then I've been really successful."


Decontrol Magazine. issue 5 Winter 98/99

Redlight Studio Mixes Vol. 1: House. First in a series of three defining mixes by Shannon Shalako. Review by Alex Haney.

"This DJ never disappoints. Once again Shannon Shalako delivers the goods with this super-funky selection of electrified House and Tribal tunes. Doing justice by the title of the tape, these jams are of the seedy-warehouse party type, constructed in a mix with the rump shaker in mind. Selection aside, Shalako's true strength lies in his ability to build momentous energy to duplicitous levels. And he still knows how to level it all off with some funky good downtime when you just can't take it any higher. Close your eyes and pretend it's not a tape."


Decontrol Magazine. Issue 4, Spring 1998

[409]

The story of the local DJ crew, 409 dates back to 1994 when a group of like-minded (read: dance music/party fanatics) individuals decided to move into a "cute and over-priced little basement apartment" located at 409 Mass Ave. Chuck "Caseroc" Armsden and Shannon "Shalako" Coen were the only two names which were actually on the lease but the apartment soon became home to a growing collective of friends who shared a passion for good music, good company and good times. Chuck, Shannon, Dave Berger, and Keith Mowinski, whose lives, in one way or another, all revolved around this small basement apartment, began calling their collective effort as a DJ crew, The 409. It was an obvious ode to the rooms where they could always find a vacant couch on which to crash at the end of a long night. During their stay at the apartment on Mass Ave, the 409 crew came to include new members like Chuck's boy from his skateboarding days, Keith Kene, BU student Mike Spearz, Chris Ramos and Kei Okada. Inspired by their friends' voracious dedication to the various styles of electronic dance music, Mike and Keith soon began taking their turns on the tables, and picked up the art of the DJ's mix. Today, the crew that originally revolved around that Boston apartment has spread to locations across the country such as Maine, Arizona and San Francisco. But Chuck, Shannon, Mike, Keith and Chris are still around, doing their best to spread the spirit of 409. The current roster of the crew remain involved in brining the masses beats n' grooves via their appearance at various underground parties and their very popular Wednesday night at The Phoenix Landing in Cambridge. The Phoenix gig has served as a regular showcase for Boston-area heads to witness talented local and national guest DJ's and performers like DJ Dante, DJ Hell, 333, Fred Giannelli and Frank Heiss. Most recently, Shannon Shalako was responsible for brining Boston not one but four, of the very few parties to actually go off inside The Boston City limits. The most recent Redlight party, although it was ended pre-maturely at 3am with a visit by the Police, featured a blazing set from Boston Jungle pioneer DJ Overlaod and had Florida trance maestros Luis Penton and Thomas Duran waiting in the wings with a live PA loaded in the cannon. Impressed by their efforts and inspired by their dedication to the underground aesthetic, I decided to pin the local members of The 409 crew down for an interview. The following was done on three separate occasions and at three separate locations. I met with Chuck Caseroc, Keith Kene, and Mike Spearz over beers in a loud and crowded Newbury St. Café. Chris "Kid Ray" Ramos and I talked on the stoop of a downtown office building while he took breaks from his job as a messenger. The interview with Shannon took place in a sparsely lit but comfortable corner at the massive Chinatown location, which housed the recent Redlights.

[shannon shalako]

So Shannon, you study at MIT?

Yeah, I'm on track to get a Bachelor of Management Science degree, with a minor in music. I'm taking the IT option: Information Technology. It's sort of, part business, part computers. For the past several years I've been interning at this place called The Media Lab, which does a lot of computer related work. It's a place where I've been able to learn about computers in a non-academic setting. I enjoy being stimulated by both the musical and the technical sides of my education. I've always had trouble reconciling the fact that I am the son of artists and enjoy being artistic but at the same time, I am good at math and science and things of a technical nature.

It does seem rare to find a person who can excel at both?

I've always felt like a black sheep at MIT because I?m constantly motivated or distracted by my musical interests. It seems strange to me that to many people in the world, music isn't of any importance at all, it's like something for the background. People I respect have always told me "you'll be most happy in life if you make your work your play," and vice versa, so that you'll be making money while doing what you love. But I'm very hesitant to solely depend on the music industry. I really feel for anybody who wants to be a DJ as a career. I know that those people who are successful are the ones who have left everything else in the dust and said; "I'm gonna be a DJ". So few people who buy records and want to be DJ's make any sort of money to live on. At the same time you have a future of maybe ten years, unless you get into producing music and then there are even fewer people who are successful. Those people I know who are basing their futures on being career DJ's?I fear for.

Right now you and Chuck are playing Wednesday's at The Phoenix Landing. Is this the first time you guys have had your own residency?

I would say it's the first time I was ever playing anything every week. I think it was fall of 96; I went down to this house party in Cambridge and brought some records. I played some music and it happened that one of the owners of The Phoenix Landing was there along with a bunch of his friends. They really dug what I played and he said that I should come down and play some spots on a Sunday night. At the time I was going to parties much less than in the past. I was kind of concentrating on school. I wasn't really inspired with the scene. So I went down on a Sunday and it was totally inspirational. The majority of people there were Irish, they were all over 21, they all totally dug the music and nobody felt any need to look cool. It was crazy. People were dancing on benches, on the bar, screaming and shouting, hands in the air. It was just people feeling comfortable, reacting to the music in a way that I hadn't seen in three or four years. The times that I played there inspired me to get re-involved with this scene. There were phenomenal reactions where I would be having as much fun as the people who were there. I guest DJ'd on Sunday once or twice a month for a while and then the owner asked me if I wanted to do my own night.

Your Wednesday night at the Phoenix Landing also intrigues me as having a bit of a different crowd?

I'm not sure where that comes from. Maybe it comes from my circle of friends and people from my age group, people who have been going to parties and clubs for a number of years and are looking to hang out with others who have had similar experiences. It's a Wednesday night so they're not looking to freak out, although, it's a lot of fun when that happens. It's also a bar, a place where you can feel comfortable having a beer and some conversation. It's very conducive to people who are more involved in the music than just, your typical raver looking for a place to bug out. It's cool because those people who come have much more interest in your music and know something about it. It's a place to dance but it is also a place where you can get to know somebody in a relaxed atmosphere.

So recently you took it a step further and threw the series of Redlight parties in Chinatown. Were those the first parties you had ever thrown?

I had helped a lot of people throw a lot of parties and got into it. It seemed as soon as I strated going out to parties and clubs I wanted to get involved. I thought it was such a cool way to give a lot of people a different experience. A way to bring a lot of people together in a different environment where they felt comfortable to do whatever the hell they want. So I helped out a lot of people who were involved with parties at the time. I got to know a bunch of really creative and generous people; also a lot of sleaze-balls. I learned about lights and sound. I learned about spaces, some legal issues. Learned about promoting. I mean, the Redlights were illegal parties but I was just kind of working with what I had. Seeing the best parties go down and seeing the environment it took to make people feel the most comfortable, whether you look at it as loosing themselves or finding themselves, everybody's digging the music in a similar fashion. Having seen those environments in which that happened the best, you get a vision for what you want to do to make it that way. So that's why I think the Redlights were special, because those people involved knew honestly, what makes a good party.

A lot of people thought the last Redlight party was something really special despite the fact that it got shut down early by the police.

I agree.

I didn't think of this until right now but this place, when it is the site for a party, kind of gives the same sort of aura as the Phoenix Landing, in the sense that there may be a party going on but it's also a place were you can relax, flop down on a couch or the floor, sit and talk to somebody?

This is a place were my friends and I work, and we have put some effort into making it a nice place to also hang out. These parties were promoted like any other, so I totally expected to see a few hundred people I didn't know in here. My fear was that these people would step in here and see this as your typical warehouse space and not have a whole lot of respect for it. But I think that people did get some small feeling that this was a place where we hung out and we would prefer if they treated it with some sort of respect.

That visual booth, you had set up in the back at the last one was pretty impressive.

Yeah, Noise Laboratories, I didn't know they were gonna do all of the things that they did. Like the screens on either side of the performers were really cool. That was something I remember seeing from years and years ago, but nobody had done in a while. That was a great effect. Those guys are sincerely in it for the fun of it. It was cool to bring all those guys, the visual guys, the sound guys, together to work on the same project.

Which of the Redlight parties was the most fun for you?

I would have to say the first one and the last one. The first one was done about a month after we moved in. Late September, early October. It was kind of like a 'testing the waters' type thing. I told some friends, those friends told some other people and maybe 150 people showed up with less than a week's notice. Everybody was just kinda hanging out until around two when I realized something had changed. By then a bunch of people had shown up and felt comfortable getting loose. Suddenly, between two and three, the place is fairly full of people and they are all dancing and I'm like; "Holy shit!" What we meant to be some sort of space warming party was suddenly something else. The last one, even though it got busted early, was totally out of control. It was quite amazing. Something I hadn't seen in a while.

You know a lot of people are speculating on the fact that the last Redlight was the beginning of the Boston Party Curse?

(Laughter) Oh, yeah! It's been five parties in five weeks that have been shut down early. Whether it was the cops or something else. Yeah, it's actually all my fault (laughter). If we can't go all night nobody else will (laughs). I can rationalize the reasons why all these parties have ended. Last weekend a water pipe broke. What are you gonna do about that? The police broke up a bunch of parties. I have to say that I was surprised as hell that the Redlight parties went all night. When the cops broke up the last one, it was sad because it seemed like something was going to happen that night that hadn't happened at the previous ones. The vibe - if you want to call it that - was just, ripe. But I was totally surprised that (the party getting shut down by police) hadn't happened before. The rest of the parties that have been broken up, I feel, didn't deserve it but had it coming. They were held in spaces that A) weren't legal and B) weren't specked out very well. I mean, right in the middle of residential areas, not making directions clear, not keeping people off the street? Throwing a party is really just a common sense thing but there is so much to think about. You ask me which Redlight party I had the most fun at and like, I didn't have fun at any of them because it's really a fuckin' pain in the ass to throw them. I sweat bullets for weeks on either side. That's why the first one was the best because there weren't any of those pretenses. The last one was cool because there was a point in the night where everything was going so well that I just felt this tremendous weight lifted off of my shoulders and was finally able to relax.

Any advice to the would be party throwers?

Don't do it in Boston and make it legal (laughter). One room, One vibe. None of this three ring circus bullshit. The scene in Boston has always been tough because it's a very religious city, it's a very politically hot city. There are a lot of factions around that want to keep things the way they have always been; quiet and under their control. And that goes for politicians as well as businessmen in the area. There is a lot of potential here because it is a college town. There are a lot of young people who, given the opportunity, would like to have something new and exciting to do. But there are those people who, in the past have had their fist on the college dance dollar. If they hear about anything else going on, they'll do what they can to stop it. It's always been difficult to try and throw something legal in Boston. A lot of successful parties have gone on in western Mass. As long as it's out of the city it's okay. There are a lot of creative people here. There is a lot of talent in the area. Not enough places to get yourself exposed. Most people who become recognized enough realize that they have to move out of the city and into a bigger city with more opportunity. People who are going to parties? I don't know for what reason but they are just become younger and younger. I don't feel that everybody going to clubs or parties are necessarily going with the intent of growing or learning or connecting with people, which were reasons why I got into it. A lot of people want to go and just be seen or either just be identified with some sort of sub-sub-sub culture. That's fairly depressing. That's why a lot of people I know either stopped going or get really jaded and cynical. But I would really like to continue to have those types of experiences where people are connecting through music. <<

[Chuck Caseroc] [Mike Spearz] [Keith Kene]

How did the 409 crew materialize?

Chuck: At first it was me and Shannon who lived together at 409 Mass Ave. We started DJing around January '94, I think that's when Shannon bought his tables. We had a lot of friends who would come over. We started playing at small parties. Squishy party at the Boston Body Works was the first party I played at with Shannon. Remember those guys? Chris Mello and this other guy John threw the Sqishy parties. Pretty much it was a collective of friends who used to hang out, who kind of grew together?

How did each of you guys get into spinning?

Chuck: Actually, just hanging out with Shannon, I met him at parties. He and his roommate Keith used to fuck around with his decks and...

Keith: Different Keith!

Chuck: I just learned from him basically. Before that I was into Hip-Hop. The first electronic music I remember liking was old breakdancing stuff. I really liked all the breakbeat stuff that was coming out around '92. That's probably how I started getting into House and stuff. Around '93 the parties were so good everywhere. We used to go up to Montreal all the time. We got exposed to so many different types of music. Eventually each of us ended up liking a particular style and start collecting it. That's how 409 started.

Keith: I've known Chuck a long time, since '89 when we used to write graffiti. I bumped into him one day after not hanging out with him in a while. I told him that I bought a set of decks and he should come over my house sometime. So then we just started hanging out again. The first time I ever listened to House was because of this kid. I was chillin' over his house. I was probably 19 - I'm almost 25 now - and I was like "Hey, can I borrow this tape?" He's like "No, you can't borrow it, that's Shannon's tape." But he left it in my tape deck and so, I got exposed to an Armand Van Helden House tape. That's how I fell in love with it.

Mike: I'm probably the newcomer to all of this. I just sort of, hung out at 409 Mass Ave one night, had a great experience and decided that I really liked it over there. I really liked Drum n' Bass, from the moment I first heard it, so I started buying Drum n' Bass records. I was hanging out with these guys all the time. I used to go over and play Jim Area's turntables all the time until about a year later when I got my own. I started going to some of the first Primary parties. I didn't DJ then. Eventually I wanted to have a more active part in the music I liked, so I started to DJ.

Keith: YEAH, and now we're a crew! (laughter)

Do you guys still do any graf?

Keith: Yeah, we're some original heads. I read some interviews about some other kids doing graffiti but I never saw their name up. We've been writing a long time. When did you start writing Chuck?

Chuck: '88

Keith: I probably started writing in '88-'89. Everyone used to meet in Copley Square with their skateboard and a marker (laughs).

Chuck: In a way what we were doing with graffiti lent itself to this 409 thing because it's all about a crew and it's all about everyone helping each other out and getting your name out. If you wanna work, you gotta get your name out there. It's the same thing with Graffiti; your art speaks for itself the same way your mixing speaks for itself. It shouldn't be about your persona; it should be about how the crowd is reacting to what you are doing. I'm using the skills I learned in Graffiti for my studies now. I went to Northeastern for design. I was on the design track for like three years, and then I switched over to photography. Now I'm learning to use the computer. Combining the computer with the graffiti skills is working. I design the flyers for the Phoenix Landing every month.

Keith: I just paint on the wall? (laughter)

How did The Phoenix Landing gig come together?

Chuck: I was living out in Denver for a while and Shannon told me he had a gig lined up in Cambridge at an Irish bar. I had played there on a Sunday night once and It went well. The place was packed with a crowd that I had never seen before in Boston. Kevin offered Shannon the Wednesday night and they hooked it up. It went really well. It's pretty much the crowd that makes it special. It's so different than anything else that goes on in Boston. I'd like to think it's because we present various musical styles. You can expect something different every week. Nobody can say, "Oh, I hate that place cause they play too hard or whatever?"

Mike: I think it's also because The Phoenix has a pretty un-pretentious atmosphere, so people don't have to feel like they have to be beautiful or stylish. A lot of those pretenses are left at the door. People can relax in there and have a good time and concentrate on the music, not on being cooler than everyone else.

Keith: There are a lot of local heads playing up in there too. A lot of these big clubs don't let any locals play. And you get a prime time too. A lot of these other clubs you might get 45 minutes at the beginning when nobody is there.

So what happened with the upstairs at the Phoenix?

Mike: I don't really know what the deal is but allegedly the Cambridge city council came in and said that the upstairs needed to be handicap accessible and that they couldn't have activities up there during business hours. We absolutely respect that but by the same token we're disappointed because it seemed that right when things were taking off and people were starting to enjoy it - it got taken off. I used to resident at Sessionz also and when I came back from winter vacation, Sessionz was done and the upstairs was closed down. So, I guess, if anyone wants to give me a gig? (laughs)

So what are 409's plans for the future?

Mike: Well, as far as throwing parties goes?I don?t ever plan on being a promoter because that?s a bum gig (laughs). The Redlight parties were a lot of fun?

Keith: Best parties here!

Mike: (laughs) I want to be a photographer and not necessarily concentrate on the rave scene either, I like everything. I'm a motion photographer. Eventually, I would like to publish a book of the photography that I've been taking over the last eight years. I went to BU as a film major and took all the required photography courses and just kind of, fell in love with it. Now I'm working in the photography industry on a freelance basis, working gigs, taking pictures at raves for people. I'd like to take more pictures, I don't think I take enough. Those life demands get in the way sometimes.

Keith: I wanna rock the house man! (laughter) So many kids are getting on and they're not even that fresh. Not to talk shit but you gotta have money to get on and since I don't have any money it's tough.

So you aspire to take this to the next level?

Keith: Yeah, you just need skills (laughs).

Chuck: Absolutely, you need patience.

Mike: As far as it goes for me, DJing is pretty personal. I'd like to take it to the next level. I enjoy getting paid for what I do, it makes it all the better but if I didn't become the next big Drum n' Bass DJ it wouldn't break my heart. I enjoy mixing records because you take a more active part in the music. It's great when you have a group of friends who support what you do. We're sort of, all there for each other. Everyone looks out and hooks each other up.

Do you guys have any interest in producing?

Chuck: I would like to get to the point where I'm a working DJ and then eventually, after that, start producing. Right now I'm just focusing on getting my skills sharp, getting gig's, getting known. Cause you do have to get known if you want to get out there.

Keith: It's all about fame! (laughs)

Mike: Reputation is everything in this game. You don't get anywhere unless someone knows who you are. So in that respect, we are gonna try and continue to promote ourselves and keep pushing. As far as producing, I would like to eventually start making music but I just can't foresee buying all that equipment.

Chuck: Right now we're pretty much just a DJ crew but that doesn't mean we couldn't become a production crew. The thing is, with so many people working towards a common goal; eventually we will have the knowledge and equipment to have a studio or something like that.

Who are some of the producers you guys admire?

Chuck: I like David Alvorado, Richard Brown, Kevin Yost...

Keith: Yeah, Kevin Yost is cool. He's actually a nice guy, I got to meet him once. You can't sleep on Onionz. You can't sleep on Pete Moss.

Mike: One word; Optical. Optical is fuckin' rockin' my world these days. Every track he puts out is better than the last. I like Hidden Agenda, Ed Rush. Moving Shadow is a great label. Creative Source is a great label. That new Bjork song, that Grooverider remix is rockin' my world right now.

Keith: Dubtribe. And they're cheap records, only $6.99 (laughs)

Any thoughts on the scene around Boston?

Keith: I can't complain about Boston you know? I play. The first person to put me on was Pete Moss. I used to open up for him and Fran every Sunday. I lucked out. I was just starting and they just said "Hey, you wanna play every Sunday?"

Chuck: People should support Boston and get stuff going here. It seems like it's hard to do stuff but when everyone gets together and supports each other, that's what's gonna make it work.

Keith: I think lately more people have been helping each other out than say, five years ago, don't you agree?

Chuck: People should realize what we have here and stop sweating other places. Stop trying to get gigs in other places and try and build something here. The only problem is the fuckin' 2am thing?

Mike: Basically, although Boston is a big city, it does have a small town atmosphere, it doesn't pay for people to become enemies because we all gotta help each other out. It doesn't pay to bad-mouth anyone in this scene because we are all here together and the more we help each other out, the better chance we'll have to succeed. People will always have that rat-race attitude but this is just too small of a town for people to not help each other out.

Keith: Everybody know's everybody here, I've seen every face! (laughter)

Mike: With the bad rap the rave scene is getting these days it doesn't seem like lobbying with city officials would do any good. It seems like as soon as you say the word "Rave" or anything that has anything to do with Techno or House, the authorities equate that with drugs, which isn't necessarily so. Kids are always gonna use drugs, weather it's rock n' roll or hardcore or punk rock, it's just a little more flagrant in this scene. As far a changing it, I think presenting good solid intelligent music, mixed well, to a crowd, is a start. Maybe the kids won't be concentrating so much on the...

Keith: K!

Mike: (laughs) on all the bullshit.

Anything else anyone wants to add?

Mike: Personally I'd like to give shout out's to my favorite DJ's and my inspiration: DJ Overload and DJ Mouse. If it wasn't for them I wouldn't even know what Drum n' Bass is.

Chuck: I'd like to thank them too because they gave me my first chance to spin at The Loft. They let me get on the last couple of hours when they were all tired or whatever?

Keith: Yeah, the original Junglists out of Boston! I also wanna say what's up to my mom! <<

[Kid Ray]

So tell me, how did you get involved with music?

I've been playing records for about three years now. I had two really close friends from High School who were local area DJ's. One of them was Pete Moss. He lives in Philly now. The other was my friend Albie Marony who used to play at parties for Sprockit and Mike Human. We lost him a few years ago; he died. It was a real blow. But he and Pete were always telling me to buy records, 'cause I was just buying a lot of CD mixes at the time. They told me if I bought records I could come use their turntables. Then I started hanging out with Chuck and Shannon, started playing with them. We used to throw these real laid-back parties, like maybe 25 people, all of who were DJ's. We'd just play records, anywhere from like 15 minutes to an hour and a half / two hours. We all learned a lot from each other. Then I got a job as the dance music buyer at Tower Records. I worked at Biscuithead for a while too.

What are you up to these days?

Lately I've been setting a lot of goals for my future. I want to be able to work closely with a radio station or a club. I'd like to have at least have one 12" produced. I'm gonna go to school this fall at The New England School of Communication. I'd like to take the accelerated course for studio production and radio. If I really kick ass at that, I'd like to try and go to Emerson. It's a dream of mine to have my own radio show and be able to offer music that you normally don't hear anywhere else

Tell me about your residency upstairs at The Phoenix Landing.

Upstairs was me and Mike Spearz' residency. We used to switch off. Usually when I started the night of I'd play Acid Jazz and Trip-Hop or whatever. We had some cool guests. We had this Hip-Hop DJ Ninja B up there. He tore it up, old school Hip-Hop style, he packed the place that night. We had my friend Jason Raymond come by and play some Hip-Hop. Mike Walsh has played upstairs. Brynmore played. We had Acid Maria and those kids from Germany; they did a live PA. It was awesome. It was a totally cool vibe up there. It was a bit smaller. Mike and I play the mellow side of things. Mike play's the mellow Drum n' Bass and I was either playing the Downtempo Hip-Hop style or like Deep House. Deep Grooves. The thing is, we had some pull at The Phoenix and we just decided to let some locals come in and play. We wanted to the give people who don't normally get the chance to play some time.

Had you played a lot of parties before this residency?

Yeah. My first big party was The Ecstacy Ball a couple of years ago. I got to play with Sandra Collins and her boyfriend Taylor. That was a lot of fun. I've played at numerous parties in JP. I played at the 409 party in Portland. It was called The Formula. It was a good time because all of us just get off on hearing each other play. I'll just go up to Maine on a weekend when Larry Love is gonna be playing records and I'll chill out at the party, meet some people and then when he comes on, just dance my face off.

Larry is the Maine connection right?

Yeah, he used to live here. Then he moved up to Portland, Maine and did the whole Zoots thing with Chris Clark and those guys's. You can ask any of us, and we'll all tell you that Maine is the place where most of us have had our best experiences.

How long have you been involved with the 409 crew?

I met all those guys before they were living at 409 Mass Ave. I was really into going out to parties at the time and was trying to help out the Slater brothers with their Primary parties. During the time period between about '93-'95, we all had a lot of energy. We all were willing to do just about anything to help out anyone in the scene. We all just found that we were group of people who were willing to stand by each other and say, "We are now all involved with each other." We recently hit a plateau with The Redlight parties. We all got a chance to play there at least once. We got in trouble for the last one when the cops came and shut it down. So that spot's pretty much done. Me and the guys have always honed on a vibe thing. Like, just be nice to everybody you know? If this guy gives you crap, whatever? There is no reason for anybody to look down on everybody else. The way I look at all night parties is; If your not there to go and enjoy the music and be the last one on the dancefloor, maybe you should really look at yourself and see if you enjoy doing what your doing. Maybe just the club thing is for you. Maybe just, Thursday night, rockin' out with some drinks or some folks is your thing. Maybe going all night is not your thing. I can say from experience that me and the guy's have danced' MILES together. And we're always the last one's out on the dancefloor. And it's always been that way as long as I can remember. <<


The Boston Phoenix. December 19, 1997: Arts

State of the art. Fresh Vibes at the Phoenix Landing - Bryan Reesman

Although Eurohouse has been the fad in Boston for years, many local bars and smaller slubs - such as the Western Front and the Spot - have started their own dance nights, offering a fresh alternative to our traditional dance scene. One of the cozier corners for the burgioning electronica scene is Wednesday nights at the Phoenix Landing, where resident DJs Shannon Shalako and Mike Spearz, among other, spin the newest drum 'n' bass, trance, and house, providing a comfortable venue for people to dance or just lounge.

It started up back in March.

Shalako had been spinning on Sunday nights at the Landing (that event, called Sunday Service, is still going strong), and co-owner Kevin Treanor was pleased with what the young DJ was doing. So he offered Shalako his own weeknight, and that culminated in the Wednesday gig, which attacts a loyal following of up to 200 people every week.

After initially bringing on his partner DJ Caseroc (Chuck Armsden), Shalako brought in the rest of his crew, DJs Kid Ray (Chris Ramos), Mike Spearz, and Keith Kenes. Shalako and Caseroc have been spinning together since 1993. "We started doing small underground warehouse parties as a tag-team act," says Shalako, "and occasioanlly we still do a set together, but now we have strong signature styles and work alone most of the time." The duo used to guest at the Loft when DJ Bruno was one of the residents; currently they fly to other US cities to do events outside of Boston.

Downstairs Shalako and Caseroc take turns spinning cutting edge, house, techno, and trance, "mostly uptempo, harder, 4/4 stuff," according to Shalako. When they bring in guests, "we try and have more of the [experienced local] DJs who maybe don't have the exposure but I know they're talented." While the DJs spin, computer animation is projected on the wall behind them, enhancing the overall ambience. The scene upstairs is slightly different, says Shalako: "I like to have more of a spontaneous thing going. It's more of a deeper side of music, like drum 'n' bass. Mike plays some really great ambient drum 'n' bass."

From time to time, Spearz will also bring in some slides he has photographed and project them on the walls. throw in the multi-colored lighting and you've transformed a bar into a small hip club where goths rub elbows with ravers, frat boys mix with computer programmers. It makes for an atmosphere where those who aren't scenesters can feel more comfortable than they might at a private party or a trendy club. "I would hope that it's relaxed atmosphere," says Shalako. "I like the fact that it's anice mix of people and it's not too heavy-duty."


Mixmag US. November 1997

Boston Rocks. The DIY Spirit which propelled punk rock has spilled over to the club scene in Boston. After years of rock dominating the mix, an underground scene in finally blossoming. Story by Bryan Reesman.

(Exerpt from four page article)

At the heart of the new underground is Wednesdays at The Phoenix Landing, with DJs Shalako and Mike Spearz. Shalako spins progressive house and trance downstairs and Spearz spins drum 'n' bass upstairs, while psychedelic video projections melt into both atmospheres. Attendence seems to averate 200 to 300, and the lack of a cover charge tempts curious passersby to check it out. "The Phoenix Landing proves that people eill go out," says [Fred] Giannelli. "It's cheap, the bar's making enough money, they don't care. That's good will on the part of the guys who own the Phoenix Landing."

Wednesdays at The Phoenix Landng listed as one the top five clubs in Boston